How Hybrid Cars Work
Hybrids have both gasoline and electric motors, as well as a battery. The conventional combustion engine (gasoline or diesel) is smaller than that used in conventional cars, because it only needs to accommodate the average load, rather than the peak load. Here’s how it works:THE HYBRID’S ELECTRIC MOTOR
The electric motor handles normal stop-and-go travel and initial highway acceleration. The electric motor also assists the gas or diesel engine to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. For example, it is the electric motor that drives energy-wasting accessories like the power steering pump and air conditioner. THE HYBRID’S GASOLINE MOTOR
The gasoline- or diesel-powered internal combustion engine kicks in whenever the vehicle gets to higher speeds. Hybrids have a sophisticated computer control system that decides when to switch from one power source to the other.
The gas or diesel engine also can generate power for the electric motor. At highway speeds, the gasoline engine recharges the electric motor’s battery.
THE HYBRID’S BATTERY
The Hybrid’s battery feeds power to the electric motor. The battery itself is recharged during the times that the vehicle is coasting and braking. (Therefore, Hybrids never need to be plugged into an outside charging device.) During coasting and braking, the electric motor switches to “generate” instead of “consume” electricity. Whenever the brake is released, the engine restarts instantaneously. This process of switching power between the two types of engines saves gas and avoids pollution.
Just like the battery under the hood of your current vehicle, a Hybrid vehicle’s electric battery pack may eventually wear out and need to be replaced. However, auto manufacturers are stating that the Hybrid’s battery is designed to last the lifetime of the vehicle - somewhere between 150,000 and 200,000 miles. It is simply too early to tell.
From Jim Walczak,
4wheeldrive.about.com
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